class 8 ch 16

Chapter 16. LIGHT | Science | CBSE Class VIII (8th) | Solved Exercises

Question 1. Suppose you are in a dark room. Can you see objects in the room? Can you see objects outside the room. Explain.

Answer : We can not see objects in the dark room without the presence of light or a lighted object it self . We may see an object only when, the light from an object enters our eyes. The light may have been emitted by the object directly (luminous objects.), or may have been reflected by it ( illuminated objects). Similarly, we can not see outside objects, sitting inside the darkroom, if there is no opening or passage for any incidental light from out side. How ever, out side the darkroom, in open, we can easily see the objects, due to either reflected light from the surface of illuminated objects or direct light from luminous objects such as Sun, candle, torch etc. Nearly everything we see around is seen due to reflected light.

Question 2. Differentiate between regular and diffused reflection. Does diffused reflection mean the failure of the laws of reflection?

Answer : 

	Regular reflection	Diffused reflection
(1.)	When all the parallel rays reflected from a plane surface are parallel, the reflection is known as regular reflection	When all the parallel rays reflected from a plane surface are not parallel, the reflection is known as diffused or irregular reflection
(2.)	Reflection from a smooth surface like that of a mirror is an example of regular reflection Images are formed by regular reflection.	Reflection from a rough surface, like that of a cardboard, is an example of irregular reflection. It is caused by the irregularities in the reflecting surface .
(3.)	Images are formed by regular reflection.	Images are not formed by irregular reflection.

Question 3. Mention against each of the following whether regular or diffused reflection will take place when a beam of light strikes. Justify your answer in each case.

1. (a) Polished wooden table
2. (b) Chalk powder
3. (c) Cardboard surface
4. (d) Marble floor with water spread over it
5. (e) Mirror
6. (f) Piece of paper

Answer : 

1. (a) Polished wooden table -----> regular reflection
2. (b) Chalk powder -----> diffused reflection
3. (c) Cardboard surface -----> diffused reflection
4. (d) Marble floor with water spread over it -----> regular reflection
5. (e) Mirror -----> regular reflection
6. (f) Piece of paper -----> diffused reflection

In case of objects with smooth, polished and shiny surfaces, like Polished wooden table, Marble floor with water spread over it and Mirror, when a incident beam of light strikes on their surfaces, regular reflection takes place. Whereas, in case of objects with rough surfaces, such as Chalk powder, Cardboard surface, Piece of paper etc, when a incident beam of light strikes on their surfaces, irregular reflection takes place. It is caused by the irregularities in the reflecting surface

Question 4. State the laws of reflection.

Answer : There are two laws of reflection as given below :

1. (i) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
2. (ii) Incident ray, reflected ray and the normal drawn at the point of incidence to the reflecting surface, lie in the same plane

Question 5. Describe an activity to show that the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence lie in the same plane.

Answer : When the whole sheet of paper is spread on the table, it represents one plane. The incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray are all in this plane.

When we bend the paper we create a plane different from the plane in which the incident ray and the normal lie.

 Then we do not see the reflected ray. What does it indicate? It indicates that the incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray all lie in the same plane. This is second law of reflection.

Similarly, in activity below, as the incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray all lie in the same plane, we can clearly see the glare of led torch

Where as, in activity below, as the incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray all do not lie in the same plane, therefor,  the glare of led torch is not as powerful.

Question 6. Fill in the blanks in the following :

Answer : 

1. (a) A person 1 m in front of a plane mirror seems to be 2 m from his image.
2. (b) If you touch your left ear with right hand in front of a plane mirror it will be seen in the mirror that your right ear is touched with left hand
3. (c) The size of the pupil becomes large when you see in dim light.
4. (d) Night birds have  small number of cones than rods in their eyes.

Choose the correct option in Questions 7 – 8 
Question 7. Angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection 

1. (a) Always
2. (b) Sometimes
3. (c) Under special conditions
4. (d) Never

Answer : (a) Always

Question 8. Image formed by a plane mirror is 

1. (a) virtual, behind the mirror and enlarged
2. (b) virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object
3. (c) real at the surface of the mirror and enlarged
4. (d) real, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object.

Answer : (b) virtual, behind the mirror and of the same size as the object

Question 9. Describe the construction of a kaleidoscope.

Answer : A kaleidoscope, is made up of three rectangular mirror strips about 15 cm long and 4 cm wide each. This mirrors, as shown in the figure, are Joined together to form a prism. This assembly, may be housed inside a a circular cardboard tube or tube of a thick chart paper.

The length of tube is slightly longer than the mirror strips. One end of the tube is covered by a cardboard disc having a hole in the center, through which we can see . Other end of the cardboard tube is covered by a circular plane glass plate touching the edge of mirror strips. Now several small pieces of coloured glass (broken pieces of coloured bangles) are put inside . Close this end of the tube by a ground glass plate. Allow enough space for the colour pieces to move around.
Your kaleidoscope is ready. When we peep through the hole, we will be able to see a variety of patterns in the tube. Interesting feature of a kaleidoscope is that we will never see the same pattern again.
Question 10. Draw a labeled sketch of the human eye.

Answer : 

Question 11. Gurmit wanted to perform Activity 16.8 using a laser torch. Her teacher advised her not to do so. Can you explain the basis of the teachers advise?

Answer : The intensity of laser light is extremely high. If we throw beam from laser torch directly on the eye, the eyes may be injured or blinded temporarily or partially due to sudden contraction of pupil and damage of  retina

Question 12. Explain how you can take care of your eyes.

Answer : We can take proper care of our eyes in following ways : 

1. (1) In case of any problem we should go to an eye specialist. Beside, we should have a regular eye checkup
2. (2) In case, after an eye checkup, if advised bye an eye specialist, we should use suitable spectacles.
3. (3) We should avoid bright or dim light. Insufficient light causes eyestrain and headaches. Too much light, like that of the sun, a powerful lamp or a laser torch can injure the retina.
4. (4) We should not look at the sun or a powerful light directly.
5. (5) We should not rub our eyes. If particles of dust go into our eyes, we should wash our eyes with clean water. If there is no improvement then we should go to a doctor.
6. (6) We should Wash our eyes frequently with clean water.
7. (7)We should always read at the normal distance for vision. Do not read by bringing our book too close to our eyes or keeping it too far.
8. (6) Our Diet should include food items rich in vitamin A

Question 13. What is the angle of incidence of a ray if the reflected ray is at an angle of 90° to the incident ray?

Answer : As per the laws of reflection
The angle of incidence ∠i = angle of reflection ∠r
Here as given ∠i + ∠r = 90°
  ∴ ∠i + ∠i = 90 °
or ∠i = 90/2 = 45 °
Hence angle of incidence of a ray = 45 degree

Question 14. How many images of a candle will be formed if it is placed between two parallel plane mirrors separated by 40 cm?

Answer : if a candle is placed between two parallel plane mirrors, we will see an infinite numbers of images of candles

Question 15. Two mirrors meet at right angles. A ray of light is incident on one at an angle of 30° as shown in Fig. 16.19. Draw the reflected ray from the second mirror.

Fig. 16.19

Answer : 

Question 16. Boojho stands at A just on the side of a plane mirror as shown in Fig. 16.20. Can he see himself in the mirror? Also can he see the image of objects situated at P, Q and R?

Answer : 

 As Boojho is not standing in front of plane mirror, Incident ray, reflected ray and the normal drawn at the point of incidence to the reflecting surface, does not lie in the same plane, therefor he can not see him self. He can see the image of objects situated at P, Q as Incident ray, reflected ray and the normal drawn at the point of incidence to the reflecting surface, lie in the same plane. Similarly, incidental ray from R, will not be reflected to reach point A, hence will not be seen by Boojho.

Question 17.

1. (a) Find out the position of the image of an object situated at A in the plane mirror (Fig. 16.21).
2. (b) Can Paheli at B see this image?
3. (c) Can Boojho at C see this image?
4. (d) When Paheli moves from B to C, where does the image of A move?
5.  
   

Answer : 

1. (a) A virtual and lateral image of an object situated at A, will be formed , behind the mirror surface. The image will be exactly at the same distance , as the distance of real object at position A and reflecting surface of the mirror
2. (b)Yes, as incidental ray from object A, is reaching at B as reflected ray, therefor Paheli at B, can see this image
3. (c) Boojho can also see this image, as reflected rays from object at A is reaching at C
4. (d) The point of convergence, of reflected rays reaching at point B and C, is same and at same distance behind the mirror. Therefor, When Paheli moves from B to C, the image of A will not change its position

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CBSE Class VIII (8th) | Science | Chapter 16. LIGHT |  |  Solved Exercises 

Things to remember....

1. Light is reflected from all surfaces.
2. Regular reflection takes place when light is incident on smooth, polished and regular surfaces.
3. Diffused/irregular reflection takes place from rough surfaces.
4. Two laws of reflection are :
   1. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
   2. Incident ray, reflected ray and the normal drawn at the point of incidence to the reflecting surface, lie in the same plane.
5. Image formed in a plane mirror undergoes lateral inversion.
6. Two mirrors inclined to each other give multiple images.
7. Beautiful patterns are formed in a kaleidoscope because of multiple reflections.
8. Sunlight, called white light, consists of seven colours.
9. Splitting of light into its constituent colours is known as dispersion.
10. Important parts of the eye are cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina and optic nerve.
11. A normal eye can see nearby and distant objects clearly.
12. Visually challenged persons can read and write using Braille system.
13. Visually challenged persons develop their other senses more sharply to improve their interaction with their environment.